The legacies of the dead: commemorating the Troubles in Northern Ireland

The Belfast Agreement of 1998, which initiated the so-called Peace Process in Northern Ireland, was fashioned so as to avoid creating mechanisms for addressing the legacy of the past, not least the commemoration of the fatalities of the Troubles which began in 1969. In this paper we explore, first, the role of the past and practices of commemoration in unagreed societies such as Northern Ireland in which consensus appears an unlikely proposition, the focus being on inclusion and exclusion and on the role of the contested nature of a hierarchical victimhood in commemoration. Second, the discussion engages with a succession of interconnected ideas that define the spatiality and landscapes of commemoration and considers the practices and spatialization of commemorating the Troubles within the grounded reality of everyday life and within the pragmatism of politics in Northern Ireland. We argue that processes of remembering and forgetting the dead of the Troubles point, at best, to a democracy shaped by 'conflictual consensus, in which the contested heritage of victimhood both constitutes an important resource in ethnonationalist and ethnosectarian politics and undermines the consociational Belfast Agreement and its attempt to elide the burdens of the past.