Lessons for the health care industry from America's experience with public utilities

In the United States, the traditional public utilities, power and telecommunications, along with health care, are being deregulated and becoming increasingly competitive, especially on price. Regulation of the public utilities has occurred for the past century not simply because they have been monopolies, but, more importantly, because they are "industries affected with the public interest," that is industries which: 1. provide an essential service, 2. benefit from public perquisites, and 3. would cause great public harm if mismanaged. Consequently, the presence of competition in these industries does not negate the need for regulation. Regulation of these industries is best understood as being along the three sides of a "triangle of public interests"-quality; public accountability, and universal service. Examples are provided of these types of regulaton in power and telecommunications, even in current "deregulatory" legislation. Health care reform activists in the United States have lately paid attention mostly to the first two legs of the triangle; they are encouraged to focus creatively on the third leg-universal health care.