Pathophysiology, prevention and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious, and potentially life-threatening complication of ovulation induction. However, despite many years of clinical experience, there is no reliable test which predicts patients who will subsequently develop OHSS, the pathophysiology of this syndrome is not well understood, and no specific treatment is currently available. We aim to highlight some of the controversial topics regarding this syndrome and to review the hitherto reported studies concerning the pathophysiology, prediction, prevention and management of OHSS.