Measurement of the Instantaneous Velocity of a Brownian Particle

被引：488
作者：
Li, Tongcang
Kheifets, Simon
Medellin, David
Raizen, Mark G. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA
来源：
SCIENCE | 2010年 / 328卷 / 5986期
关键词：
MOTION; MECHANICS; MOVEMENT;
D O I：
10.1126/science.1189403
中图分类号：
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号：
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要：
Brownian motion of particles affects many branches of science. We report on the Brownian motion of micrometer-sized beads of glass held in air by an optical tweezer, over a wide range of pressures, and we measured the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle. Our results provide direct verification of the energy equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle. For short times, the ballistic regime of Brownian motion was observed, in contrast to the usual diffusive regime. We discuss the applications of these methods toward cooling the center-of-mass motion of a bead in vacuum to the quantum ground motional state.
引用
收藏
页码：1673 / 1675
页数：3
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