Geometric analysis of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations via nonlinear control theory

For nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), we define two kinds of equivalences, namely, the external and internal equivalence. Roughly speaking, the word "external" means that we consider a DAE (locally) everywhere and "internal" means that we consider the DAE on its (locally) maximal invariant submanifold (i.e., where its solutions exist) only. First, we revise the geometric reduction method in DAEs solution theory and formulate an implementable algorithm to realize that method. Then a procedure called explicitation with driving variables is proposed to connect nonlinear DAEs with nonlinear control systems and we show that the driving variables of an explicitation system can be reduced under some involutivity conditions. Finally, due to the explicitation, we use some notions from nonlinear control theory to derive two nonlinear generalizations of the Weierstrass form.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).