Shallow fault segmentation of the Alpine fault zone, New Zealand revealed from 2-and 3-D GPR surveying

被引:37
作者
McClymont, Alastair F. [1 ]
Green, Alan G. [2 ]
Kaiser, Anna [2 ]
Horstmeyer, Heinrich [2 ]
Langridge, Robert [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
[2] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[3] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
关键词
Ground-penetrating radar; Active faults; Slip rates; Alpine fault zone; Fluvial terraces; SURFACE RUPTURE; SOUTH WESTLAND; GEORADAR DATA; 1999; IZMIT; DISPLACEMENT; EARTHQUAKES; ACQUISITION; PALEOSEISMICITY; ATTRIBUTES; SEQUENCE;
D O I
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.08.003
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Where they are preserved, landforms that have been truncated and offset by past fault movements provide potentially valuable quantitative data that can be used to estimate slip rates. At such locations, it is important to investigate the fault zone in sufficient detail to understand how displacements are accommodated on individual fault strands. At a site along a northern section of the Alpine fault zone on the South Island of New Zealand, surface mapping of a series of faulted river terraces and channels has revealed a complicated and poorly understood paleoearthquake history. We have acquired high-resolution 2- and 3-D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data over a large area (similar to 500 x 500 m) of the terraces to map along-strike changes in shallow (<20 m) fault zone morphology. By identifying distinct reflection patterns within the topographically migrated 3-D GPR volumes and extrapolating them to the longer and more widely spaced GPR profiles, we determined the subsurface extent of two main structural/depositional facies that were juxtaposed by three left-stepping en-echelon fault strands. Two regions of warped strata are interpreted to result from transpressive folding between the overlapping strands, where displacement is transferred from one fault to the next. We suggest that diffuse deformation between the overlapping fault tips results in anomalously low estimates for horizontal and vertical fault displacements of some geomorphic features. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:343 / 354
页数:12
相关论文
共 38 条
[1]   The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian fault [J].
Barka, A ;
Akyüz, HS ;
Altunel, E ;
Sunal, G ;
Çakir, Z ;
Dikbas, A ;
Yerli, B ;
Armijo, R ;
Meyer, B ;
de Chabalier, JB ;
Rockwell, T ;
Dolan, JR ;
Hartleb, R ;
Dawson, T ;
Christofferson, S ;
Tucker, A ;
Fumal, T ;
Langridge, R ;
Stenner, H ;
Lettis, W ;
Bachhuber, J ;
Page, W .
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 2002, 92 (01) :43-60
[2]  
Berryman K.R., 1992, Annales Tectonicae, V5, P126
[3]  
BERRYMAN KR, 1975, 30A DEP SCI IND RES
[4]   Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines -: art. no. 2192 [J].
Brown, ET ;
Bendick, R ;
Bourlès, DL ;
Gaur, V ;
Molnar, P ;
Raisbeck, GM ;
Yiou, F .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH, 2002, 107 (B9)
[5]   Displacement on the Alpine Fault at Haast River, South Westland, New Zealand [J].
Cooper, AF ;
Norris, RJ .
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS, 1995, 38 (04) :509-514
[6]   Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike-slip faulting: Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault, NW China [J].
Cowgill, Eric .
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, 2007, 254 (3-4) :239-255
[7]  
GARRICK RA, 1974, 87 DEP SCI IND GEOPH
[8]   Results of 3-D georadar surveying and trenching the San Andreas fault near its northern landward limit [J].
Green, A ;
Gross, R ;
Holliger, K ;
Horstmeyer, H ;
Baldwin, J .
TECTONOPHYSICS, 2003, 368 (1-4) :7-23
[9]   Location and geometry of the Wellington Fault (New Zealand) defined by detailed three-dimensional georadar data [J].
Gross, R ;
Green, AG ;
Horstmeyer, H ;
Begg, JH .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH, 2004, 109 (B5) :B054011-14
[10]  
Gross R., 2003, Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications, V4, P19, DOI DOI 10.1023/A:1023059329899