Ten Years of Progress in the Synthesis and Development of MXenes

被引:978
作者
Naguib, Michael [1 ]
Barsoum, Michel W. [2 ]
Gogotsi, Yury [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
[2] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[3] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanomat Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
2D materials; carbides; MXenes; nanomaterial synthesis; nitrides; TRANSITION-METAL CARBIDES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS; MAX-PHASE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; 2D MOLYBDENUM; AL-C; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR;
D O I
10.1002/adma.202103393
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Since their discovery in 2011, the number of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) has steadily increased. Currently more than 40 MXene compositions exist. The ultimate number is far greater and in time they may develop into the largest family of 2D materials known. MXenes' unique properties, such as their metal-like electrical conductivity reaching approximate to 20 000 S cm(-1), render them quite useful in a large number of applications, including energy storage, optoelectronic, biomedical, communications, and environmental. The number of MXene papers and patents published has been growing quickly. The first MXene generation is synthesized using selective etching of metal layers from the MAX phases, layered transition metal carbides and carbonitrides using hydrofluoric acid. Since then, multiple synthesis approaches have been developed, including selective etching in a mixture of fluoride salts and various acids, non-aqueous etchants, halogens, and molten salts, allowing for the synthesis of new MXenes with better control over their surface chemistries. Herein, a brief historical overview of the first 10 years of MXene research and a perspective on their synthesis and future development are provided. The fact that their production is readily scalable in aqueous environments, with high yields bodes well for their commercialization.
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页数:10
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