Study of electro-induced shape-memory Eucommia ulmoides rubber composites reinforced with conductive carbon blacks

We designed a series of thermo- and electro-induced double-stimulus shape-memory composites comprising natural Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) and conductive carbon blacks (CCBs). This paper discusses the mechanical, cure, thermal, and shape-memory properties of the composites. The shape-memory properties of the composites were investigated under two stimulation conditions, heat and electricity. In these composites, the crosslinked networks acted as the fixed domain, and the crystalline regions of EUR worked as the reversible domain during the shape-memory process. CCBs were embedded in the composites as a conductive component, which endowed their electrical stimulation response. These composites exhibited excellent thermal and electrical shape-memory properties. We studied the shape-memory behavior of composites under different voltage conditions during the electrical stimulation process. Due to its excellent electrical stimulation response, natural EUR can be used in intelligent and multi-response shape-memory applications.