Duration of hepatic iron exposure increases the risk of significant fibrosis in hereditary hemochromatosis: A new role for magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVES: Hepatic fibrosis is a complication of hereditary hemochromatosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the product of the magnitude and duration of hepatic iron exposure is related to the risk of significant fibrosis. METHODS: Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the utility of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and age in the diagnosis of low- or high-grade fibrosis was undertaken retrospectively in 60 subjects who had undergone liver biopsy for assessment of hereditary hemochromatosis. A prospective pilot study was then conducted in 10 additional subjects to evaluate utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of HIC to predict fibrosis. RESULTS: Eighteen subjects had high-grade fibrosis while 42 subjects had low- grade fibrosis. Hepatic iron concentration alone was highly sensitive (100%) but of limited specificity (67%) in diagnosis of high-grade fibrosis. The product of [HIC x age] had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 86%, respectively, for diagnosis of high-grade fibrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements also provided accurate assignment of subjects into fibrosis severity groups. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of exposure to iron is important in the development of hepatic fibrosis in hereditary hemochromatosis. The product of HIC and age is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of high-grade fibrosis and can be obtained using MRI.