Evolution of Ionomer Morphology from Dispersion to Film: An in Situ X-ray Study

被引:40
作者
Dudenas, Peter J. [1 ,2 ]
Kusoglu, Ahmet [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Convers Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
RESOLVED NANOSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; NAFION; CONFINEMENT; SCATTERING; ORIGIN; BULK;
D O I
10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01024
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Ion-conducting polymers (ionomers) have been extensively studied in solution, as membranes and substrate-supported thin films for various electrochemical energy-conversion devices, including fuel cells and electrolyzers. Formation of an ionomer film from a solution, however, is not well understood, despite its importance for fabrication of electrodes in energy devices. Here, the evolution of the perfluorinated sulfonic acid morphology upon casting from a solution is observed using in situ grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Aggregate interactions in dispersion directly impact the hydrophilic-domain network of the cast film and the onset of crystallization occurs simultaneously with the solution-to-film transition but continues to evolve on different time scales. In addition, confinement is shown to induce anisotropic morphology at multiple length scales. These results show promise for elucidating the role of casting parameters, drying protocols, and ionomer-solvent interactions in governing film morphology and open new avenues for establishing structure/processing/property relationships for ionomer films and modifying their transport functionality at catalytic interfaces.
引用
收藏
页码:7779 / 7785
页数:7
相关论文
共 38 条
[11]   A SAXS/WAXS/GISAXS Beamline with Multilayer Monochromator [J].
Hexemer, Alexander ;
Bras, Wim ;
Glossinger, James ;
Schaible, Eric ;
Gann, Eliot ;
Kirian, Rick ;
MacDowell, Alastair ;
Church, Matthew ;
Rude, Bruce ;
Padmore, Howard .
XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING (SAS09), 2010, 247
[12]   Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers: A Polymer Science Perspective [J].
Holdcroft, Steven .
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 2014, 26 (01) :381-393
[14]   Origin of Toughness in Dispersion-Cast Nafion Membranes [J].
Kim, Yu Seung ;
Welch, Cynthia F. ;
Hjelm, Rex P. ;
Mack, Nathan H. ;
Labouriau, Andrea ;
Orler, E. Bruce .
MACROMOLECULES, 2015, 48 (07) :2161-2172
[15]   Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro [J].
Kline, Steven R. .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, 2006, 39 :895-900
[16]   Time-Resolved Nanostructural Analysis of Catalyst Layer Formation Process by Synchrotron X-ray Scattering [J].
Konosu, Y. ;
Koga, M. ;
Matsumoto, H. ;
Tokita, M. ;
Masunaga, H. ;
Hikima, T. ;
Sugimori, H. ;
Yoshida, T. ;
Shinohara, K. ;
Hirai, S. .
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 17 (PEFC 17), 2017, 80 (08) :269-273
[17]   Time-Resolved Nanostructural Analysis of Thin-Film Formation Process from Nafion Solution by Synchrotron X-ray Scattering [J].
Konosu, Y. ;
Masunaga, H. ;
Hikima, T. ;
Tokita, M. ;
Matsumoto, H. ;
Sasabe, T. ;
Yoshida, T. ;
Shinohara, K. ;
Hirai, S. .
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 16 (PEFC 16), 2016, 75 (14) :637-642
[18]   Substrate-Dependent Molecular and Nanostructural Orientation of Nafion Thin Films [J].
Kushner, Douglas, I ;
Kusoglu, Ahmet ;
Podraza, Nikolas J. ;
Hickner, Michael A. .
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, 2019, 29 (37)
[19]  
Kusoglu A., 2018, ENCY SUSTAINABILITY, P1, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1021-2
[20]   New Insights into Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid lonomers [J].
Kusoglu, Ahmet ;
Weber, Adam Z. .
CHEMICAL REVIEWS, 2017, 117 (03) :987-1104