Influence of surface free energy on the adhesion of marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533

The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with gradient surface free energies were prepared by surface grafting of a binary mixture of methyl and vinyl terminated trimethoxysilanes on hydrophilic glass slides followed by in situ oxidation of vinyl groups into carboxyl groups. Characterized by contact angles, the SAMs combined with freshly cleaned glass slides bearing hydroxyl groups were used to study the adhesion behavior of marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533. The attachment densities were much higher on hydrophobic CH3-SAMs and lower on mixed SAMs with surface free energy of 40.1-50.4 mJ/m(2). More gregarious adhesion had been found on hydrophobic CH3-SAMs. The percentage removal was in a narrow range of 63-80% on the engineered surfaces and was much lower with a value of 54% on the hydrophilic slides. Our studies have revealed some subtle but interesting differences in attachment and adhesion from the features reported for these benthic species, indicating the possible links to different diatom species. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.