Preferential crystallization

This contribution focuses primarily on chiral discrimination in the solid state, i.e. the formation of conglomerates, how to detect them and the various benefits that can be retrieved from chiral recognition in crystal lattices. The core of the work is devoted to phase diagrams (mainly binary and ternary). The stable and metastable heterogeneous equilibria are depicted and used to understand different variants of preferential crystallization and how the entrainment effect proceeds. Seeded and auto-seeded processes are analyzed minutely. The seeding procedure has a significant impact on the control of stereoselective secondary nucleation and crystal growth. The review ends with a systematic analysis of the reasons that can put, sometimes, severe limitations on the entrainment effect.