Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the Salar de Uyuni, a large scale, chaotropic salt flat

被引:41
作者
dC Rubin, Sergio S. [1 ,2 ]
Marin, Irma [2 ]
Gomez, Manuel J. [3 ]
Morales, Eduardo A. [1 ,4 ]
Zekker, Ivar [5 ]
San Martin-Uriz, Patxi [6 ]
Rodriguez, Nuria [6 ]
Amils, Ricardo [1 ,6 ,7 ]
机构
[1] CNIB, Cochabamba, Bolivia
[2] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
[3] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
[4] Univ Catolica Boliviana, Herbario Criptogam, Cochabamba, Bolivia
[5] Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Tartu, Estonia
[6] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid 28055, Spain
[7] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
关键词
WATER-ACTIVITY LIMIT; SALINITY GRADIENT; SOLAR SALTERN; LIFE; ENVIRONMENTS; BOLIVIA; BRINE; MARS; MICROORGANISMS; ALTIPLANO;
D O I
10.1111/1462-2920.13876
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Salar de Uyuni (SdU), with a geological history that reflects 50000 years of climate change, is the largest hypersaline salt flat on Earth and is estimated to be the biggest lithium reservoir in the world. Its salinity reaches saturation levels for NaCl, a kosmotropic salt, and high concentrations of MgCL2 and LiCl, both salts considered important chaotrophic stressors. In addition, extreme temperatures, anoxic conditions, high UV irradiance, high albedo and extremely low concentrations of phosphorous, make SdU a unique natural extreme environment in which to contrast hypotheses about limiting factors of life diversification. Geophysical studies of brines from different sampling stations show that water activity is rather constant along SdU. Geochemical measurements show significant differences in magnesium concentration, ranging from 0.2 to 2M. This work analyses the prokaryotic diversity and community structure at four SdU sampling stations, selected according to their location and ionic composition. Prokaryotic communities were composed of both Archaea (with members of the classes Halobacteria, Thermoplasmata and Nanohaloarchaea, from the Euryarchaeota and Nanohaloarcheota phyla respectively) and Bacteria (mainly belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla). The important differences in composition of microbial communities inversely correlate with Mg2+ concentration, suggesting that prokaryotic diversity at SdU is chaotropic dependent.
引用
收藏
页码:3745 / 3754
页数:10
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