Zoomed echo-planar imaging using parallel transmission: impact on image quality of diffusion-weighted imaging of the prostate at 3T

To assess impact of two-channel parallel transmission (pTx) with focused excitation [zoomed echo-planar imaging (EPI)] on image quality of prostate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 3T. 27 male volunteers (27 +/- A 8 years) underwent 3T prostate MRI using 2-channel radiofrequency-transmit system and 18-channel torso receive coil. Scans included EPI-DWI sequence (b values 50, 500, 1000 s/mm(2)) acquired both with standard sinc pulse and 2-channel pTX with focused excitation, each acquired at large-field-of-view (FOV) (20 x 20 cm) and small-FOV (14 x 14 cm). An abdominal radiologist scored b-1000 images and ADC maps for image quality measures. Sequences were compared using paired Wilcoxon tests. pTx with focused excitation showed significant improvements compared with standard DWI on b-1000 images at large-FOV for the absence of wrap and overall image quality (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.049); on b-1000 images at small-FOV for reduced distortion of prostate, absence of ghosting, absence of wrap, clarity of prostate capsule, clarity of peripheral/transition zone boundary, clarity of peri-urethral region, and overall image quality (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.004); and on ADC maps at small-FOV for reduced distortion of prostate, sharpness of prostate, clarity of prostatic capsule, clarity of peri-urethral region, and overall image quality (p = 0.002-0.036). When compared with standard large-FOV images, small-FOV images obtained using pTx with focused excitation showed no significant difference on the b-1000 images for any feature (p a parts per thousand yen 0.175), while showing significant improvements on the ADC maps in terms of reduced distortion, absence of ghosting, and absence of wrap (p = 0.010-0.030). Zoomed DWI using 2-channel pTx reduced artifacts and improved image quality for 3T prostate DWI; benefit was most apparent for small-FOV images.