Heme Oxygenase-2 (HO-2) as a therapeutic target: Activators and inhibitors

被引:50
作者
Intagliata, Sebastiano [1 ]
Salerno, Loredana [1 ]
Ciaffaglione, Valeria [1 ]
Leonardi, Carmen [1 ]
Fallica, Antonino N. [1 ]
Carota, Giuseppe [1 ]
Amata, Emanuele [1 ]
Marrazzo, Agostino [1 ]
Pittala, Valeria [1 ]
Romeo, Giuseppe [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Catania, Dept Drug Sci, Viale A Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
关键词
Heme oxygenase-2; Heme oxygenase-1; Imidazole derivatives; Activators; Azalanstat; Clemizole; Structure-activity relationships; EXPERIMENTAL INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; IMIDAZOLE-DIOXOLANE COMPOUNDS; EARLY REPRESSOR ICER; IN-VITRO INHIBITION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; REGULATORY MOTIFS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SELECTIVE-INHIBITION; BILIVERDIN REDUCTASE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE;
D O I
10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111703
中图分类号
R914 [药物化学];
学科分类号
100701 ;
摘要
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are involved in heme catabolism and several physiological functions. Among the different HO isoforms, HO-2 stands out for its neuroprotective properties and modulatory activity in male reproduction. However, unlike the HO-1 ligands, the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators have not been extensively explored yet. Moreover, the physiological role of HO-2 is still unclear, mostly due to the lack of highly selective HO-2 chemical probes. To boost the interest on this intriguing target, the present review updates the knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of HO-2 inhibitors and activators, as well as their potential therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge, among HO-2 inhibitors, clemizole derivatives are the most selective HO-2 inhibitors reported so far (IC50 HO-1 >100 mu M, IC50 HO-2 = 3.4 mu M), while the HO-2 nonselective inhibitors described herein possess IC50 HO-2 values < 10 mu M. Furthermore, the development of HO-2 activators, such as menadione analogues, helped to understand the critical moieties required for HO-2 activation. Recent advances in the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators cover the fields of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and reproductive diseases further stimulating the interest towards this target. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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页数:16
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