Rules and exemplars in category learning

被引:416
作者
Erickson, MA [1 ]
Kruschke, JK [1 ]
机构
[1] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0096-3445.127.2.107
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Psychological theories of categorization generally focus on either rule-or exemplar-based explanations. We present 2 experiments that show evidence of both rule induction and exemplar encoding as well as a connectionist model, ATRIUM, that specifies a mechanism for combining rule- and exemplar-based representation. In 2 experiments participants learned to classify items, most of which followed a simple rule, although there were a few frequently occurring exceptions. Experiment 1 examined how people extrapolate beyond the range of training. Experiment 2 examined the effect of instance frequency on generalization. Categorization behavior was well described by the model, in which exemplar representation is used for both rule and exception processing. A key element in correctly modeling these results was capturing the interaction between the rule-and exemplar-based representations by using shifts of attention between rules and exemplars.
引用
收藏
页码:107 / 140
页数:34
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