Internal hernia following laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a rare but fatal complication

Internal hernia of the small bowel through a mesenteric defect following colorectal cancer surgery is a serious but rarely reported complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical features, and management of these hernias. We retrospectively reviewed 4589 primary colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgical resection between January 2007 and December 2015. The incidence, clinical presentations, and short-term outcomes of patients with symptomatic internal hernia following colorectal surgery were investigated in detail. We found 9 (0.2 %) patients who presented with symptomatic internal hernia. In all cases, preceding surgical procedures were laparoscopic anterior resection (n = 9), including low anterior resection (n = 3) and intersphincteric resection (n = 3). The median time interval between initial surgery and the occurrence of internal hernia was 4 months (range 5 days-27 months). Main symptoms were abdominal distension and pain; 4 (44.4 %) patients presented with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Most cases (7/9, 77.8 %) were suspected of internal hernia by preoperative abdominal computed tomography. Six (66.6 %) patients underwent emergency surgery, after which all developed postoperative complications without mortality. The median hospital stay was 27.5 days (range 25-54 days) among patients who underwent surgical intervention. Internal hernia following colorectal cancer surgery is a rare but potentially fatal complication, and as such, early recognition and management of these cases are important.