Constitutive modeling of HDPE polymer/clay nanocomposite foams

A constitutive model for tensile behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/clay nanocomposite foams was proposed. The elastic modulus of HDPE/clay nanocomposite was developed using micromechanics theory, and the modulus for foams was obtained by using representative volume element (RVE) concept. In order to describe the tensile behavior of the foams, a constitutive equation obtained from a viscoelastic model was proposed. The constitutive model was expressed in terms of microstructural properties of polymer, and physical properties of the foams. The effects of the material parameters and processing conditions in the foam morphologies and mechanical properties of HDPE/clay nanocomposite foams were investigated. Microcellular closed-cell nanocomposite foams were manufactured with HDPE, where the nanoclay loadings of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt% were used. The effect of clay loading and foaming conditions on the volume expansion ratio, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break was investigated. Except for the elongation at break, the mechanical properties were improved with nanoclay loading. The tensile experimental data of the foams were compared with the prediction by the theoretical model. It was demonstrated that the tensile behaviors of HDPE/clay nanocomposite foams were well described by the constitutive model. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.