Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method

被引:5
作者
Jin, Yaqi [1 ]
Clausen, Lasse B. N. [1 ]
Miloch, Wojciech J. [1 ]
Hoeg, Per [1 ]
Jarmolowski, Wojciech [2 ]
Wielgosz, Pawel [2 ]
Paziewski, Jacek [2 ]
Milanowska, Beata [2 ]
Hoque, Mainul [3 ]
Berdermann, Jens [3 ]
Lyu, Haixia [4 ,5 ]
Hernandez-Pajares, Manuel [5 ]
Garcia-Rigo, Alberto [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
[2] Univ Warmia & Mazury, Fac Geoengn, Ul Oczapowskiego 2, PL-10719 Olsztyn, Poland
[3] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Solar Terr Phys, Kalkhostweg 53, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany
[4] Wuhan Univ, GNSS Res Ctr, Luoyu Rd 129, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China
[5] Univ Politecn Cataluna, IonSAT, Dept Math, Barcelona 08034, Spain
来源
JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE | 2022年 / 12卷
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
Ionospheric irregularities; EOF; modeling; space weather; ROTI; GPS PHASE SCINTILLATION; CHAMP; LAYER;
D O I
10.1051/swsc/2022022
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
This paper addresses the long-term climatology (over two solar cycles) of total electron content (TEC) irregularities from a polar cap station (Thule) using the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI). The climatology reveals variabilities over different time scales, i.e., solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations. These variations in different time scales can be explained by different drivers/contributors. The solar activity (represented by the solar radiation index F10.7P) dominates the longest time scale variations. The seasonal variations are controlled by the interplay of the energy input into the polar cap ionosphere and the solar illumination that damps the amplitude of ionospheric irregularities. The diurnal variations (with respect to local time) are controlled by the relative location of the station with respect to the auroral oval. We further decompose the climatology of ionospheric irregularities using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The first four EOFs could reflect the majority (99.49%) of the total data variability. A climatological model of ionospheric irregularities is developed by fitting the EOF coefficients using three geophysical proxies (namely, F10.7P, Bt, and Dst). The data-model comparison shows satisfactory results with a high Pearson correlation coefficient and adequate errors. Additionally, we modeled the historical ROTI during the modern grand maximum dating back to 1965 and made the prediction during solar cycle 25. In such a way, we can directly compare the climatic variations of the ROTI activity across six solar cycles.
引用
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页数:16
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