Neuronal expression of αB crystallin in cerebral infarction

aB crystallin (alphaBC) is one of the heat shock proteins that are induced under stressful conditions. In normal brains, (alphaBC is present in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, but not in neurons. Neuronal alphaBC expression in the central nervous system under pathological conditions has been investigated in several previous studies, most of which dealt with various neurodegenerative diseases with and without ballooned neurons. Neuronal expression of (alphaBC has seldom been studied in cerebral infarction (CI), and the frequency of (alphaBC-positive neurons in the various stages of CI is unknown. To investigate this issue, we examined 48 autopsy brains of patients with Cl, and found neuronal expression of alphaBC in 68.8% of the cases. We found three types of (alphaBC-positive neurons: normal morphological,. convex, and ballooned neurons. Although (alphaBC-positive neurons were present in the every stage of CI, they were more frequent later than 10 days after the onset of Cl, and the frequency of (alphaBC-positive ballooned neurons was particularly increased in the later stages of Cl. This may indicate that morphologically normal neurons gradually swelled up through convex neurons, finally forming ballooned neurons. Previous studies indicated that aBC might have a cytoprotective function as a molecular chaperone, and we speculate that alphaBC is expressed in neurons subjected to ischemic stress, and exerts a cytoprotective effect on the neurons.