Antihyperglycemia Activity of Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) of Ipomoea reptans, Poir Leaf Ethanolic Extract in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans, Poir) is an Indonesian plant possessing antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The ethanolic extract of Ipomoea reptans, Poir leaves is a water-insoluble constituent because of its non-polar characteristic and therefore is formulated into SNEDDS (self-nano emulsifying drug-delivery systems) preparation to improve drug absorption. In this research, the antidiabetic activity of SNEDDS of Ipomoea reptans, Poir leaf ethanolic extract was tested to identify its effectiveness in decreasing the fasting blood glucose level in zebrafish. Ipomoea reptans, Poir leaves were extracted through maceration using 96% ethanol, and the viscous extract was made into SNEDDS preparation with Capryol, Tween 20, and PEG 400 formulations (1:7:2). The SNEDDS characterization resulted in 94.3 nm +/- 2.2 particle sizes and -24.6 mV +/- 0.2 zeta potential, proving that it has fulfilled the criteria of good preparation. The SNEDDS of Ipomoea reptans, Poir leaf ethanolic extract proved to decrease the fasting blood glucose level of zebrafish induced by 300 mg/100 ml alloxan on the first day and 2% glucose for 7 days. The SNEDDS of Ipomoea reptans, Poir leaf ethanolic extract in a dose of 200 mg/2L could reduce fasting blood glucose level to 69.03%, while a dose of 300 mg/2L equaled to 67.07% reduction.