Prechemotherapy Serum Levels of CD105, Transforming Growth Factor β2, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Associated With Prognosis in Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Treated With Cytoreductive Surgery and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

Background: Serum CD105 has been associated with angiogenic activity in cancer, and low CD105 expression has been associated with improved prognosis. The present study evaluated the prognostic significance of serum levels of CD105 and related factors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Eighty-six patients with stages IIC to IV EOC treated postoperatively with platinum-based chemotherapy were included. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure prechemotherapy serum levels of CD105, transforming growth factor beta 1/2 (TGF-beta 1/2), angiopoietin 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Results: High levels of TGF-beta 2 (>8908.86 pg/mL) and CD105 (>4.25 ng/mL) were independently associated with improved overall survival (not reached vs 39 months, P = 0.009 and 75 vs 39 months, P = 0.029, respectively), whereas a high level of TGF-beta 2 and a low level of vascular endothelial growth factor (<219.04 pg/mL) were independently associated with improved progression-free survival (49 vs 17 months, P = 0.022 and 57 vs 16 months, P = 0.023, respectively). Among patients with favorable (>4.25 ng/mL) CD105 levels, only patients with low TGF-beta 1 levels (<177.1 ng/mL) had superior survival than patients with low CD105 levels. Conclusions: Our study confirms the prognostic significance of angiogenesis in EOC and supports a biological interaction between CD105 and TGF-beta 1. High angiogenic activity may be associated by increased efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy.