New insights into neuroendocrine tumors: molecular biology, imaging and targeted therapies

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare but their incidence is increasing and might be underestimated. The prognosis is highly variable and depends on the tumor type, its location, metastatic status, and the degree of differentiation. The diagnosis relies primarily on imaging methods. Various investigations must be combined for accurate staging, prognostication and decision-making. Current management combines symptomatic treatment (with antisecretory drugs for example) and surgery, which must be as comprehensive as possible, even when metastases are present. Second-line treatment options include chemotherapy, embolization, chemoembolization and radio-frequency therapies. Upcoming targeted therapies and metabolic radiotherapy should improve these patients' prognosis.