Prospective study of antibiotic protocols for managing surgical site infections in children

Purpose: We adopted antibiotic (Ab) protocols for managing surgical site infections in children and assessed their effectiveness. Methods: We used our protocols on 1313 children between 2004 and 2005. All wounds were monitored for 30 days and classified as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty-infected. Infections were defined as superficial, deep, or organ/space. A retrospective study involving 721 children who had chi(2) Statistical analysis was performed. surgery in 2003 was also performed. Results: Postprotocol, all Abs were administered accurately by anesthesiologists and infections developed in only 22 cases (1.7%): 0.2% (clean), 2.6% (clean-contaminated), 5.8% (contaminated), and (dirty-infected), respectively; 21 were superficial or deep and 1 was organ/space. Age at surgery 20.8% and sex did not influence incidence, neither did length of surgery for clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty-infected wounds; clean wounds were excluded because all surgery was minor. Overall, incidence of infections was 1.2% for elective surgery and 4.5% for emergency surgery (P < .01). Preprotocol, only 67% had Ab and infections developed in 27 cases (3.7%), which is significantly higher than in postprotocol (P < .01). Conclusions: Accurate administration of Ab and careful supervision by an infection control team appear to be effective for preventing wound infections in children. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.