Introduction: Tuberculosis and cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system are common AIDS-associated opportunistic infections in tropical underdeveloped and developing countries. To date, research on these infections has focused on clinical, imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and animal models to elucidate the pathogenesis. There is paucity of information on astroglial and microglial alterations in the human nervous system following these infections. Methodology: The pathomorphologic and morphometric alterations of astroglia and microglia in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in cases of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) with and without associated HIV were described and compared with cases of HIV encephalitis without opportunistic infections (OI) and HIV-negative human brain tissue. Results: In TBM, the microglia and astrocytes were activated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia, aggregating in the subpial zone and around granulomas in meningeal exudate. In cases of cryptococcal meningitis, reactive changes were less prominent, though activation of both cellular elements was found. Association of HIV with these OIs resulted in muted glial and microglial response. In HIV encephalitis without OI, the level of activation of was low. Both astroglial and microglial cells expressed caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic marker, following HIV and opportunistic infections. Neuronal apoptosis, a mechanism to ensure neuronal survival, was less evident. The reactive astrocytes and microglia following opportunistic infection developed dystrophic changes heralding senescence. Conclusions: Further studies on neuronal-astroglial-microglial interaction will offer deeper insight into the pathogenetic and immune mechanisms in the cellular and pathomorphological evolution of tuberculous and cryptococcal infections.
机构:
Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Garvey, Lucy
;
Winston, Alan
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Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Winston, Alan
;
Walsh, John
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Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Walsh, John
;
Post, Frank
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机构:
Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Weston Educ Ctr, Acad Dept HIV GUM, London SE5 9RJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Post, Frank
;
Porter, Kholoud
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h-index: 0
机构:
MRC Clin Trials Unit, London NW1 2DA, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Porter, Kholoud
;
Gazzard, Brian
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机构:
Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, London SW10 9NH, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Gazzard, Brian
;
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Fisher, Martin
;
Leen, Clifford
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Western Gen Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, ScotlandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Leen, Clifford
;
Pillay, Deenan
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UCL, Ctr Virol, London W1T 4JF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Pillay, Deenan
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Hill, Teresa
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UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Hill, Teresa
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Johnson, Margaret
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Royal Free Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Thorac Med, London NW3 2QJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Johnson, Margaret
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Gilson, Richard
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UCL Med Sch, Mortimer Market Ctr, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London WC1E 6AU, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Gilson, Richard
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Anderson, Jane
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机构:
Homerton Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Ctr Study Sexual Hlth & HIV, London E9 6SR, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Anderson, Jane
;
Easterbrook, Philippa
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Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Weston Educ Ctr, Acad Dept HIV GUM, London SE5 9RJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Easterbrook, Philippa
;
Bansi, Loveleen
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机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Bansi, Loveleen
;
Orkin, Chloe
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机构:
Barts & London NHS Trust, Royal London Hosp, Ambrose King Ctr, Grahame Hayton Unit, London E1 6SR, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Orkin, Chloe
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Ainsworth, Jonathan
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N Middlesex Univ Hosp NHS Trust, London N18 1QX, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Ainsworth, Jonathan
;
Phillips, Andrew N.
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机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Phillips, Andrew N.
;
Sabin, Caroline A.
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UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
机构:
Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Garvey, Lucy
;
Winston, Alan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Winston, Alan
;
Walsh, John
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h-index: 0
机构:
Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Walsh, John
;
Post, Frank
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Weston Educ Ctr, Acad Dept HIV GUM, London SE5 9RJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Post, Frank
;
Porter, Kholoud
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
MRC Clin Trials Unit, London NW1 2DA, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Porter, Kholoud
;
Gazzard, Brian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, London SW10 9NH, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Gazzard, Brian
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Fisher, Martin
;
Leen, Clifford
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Western Gen Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, ScotlandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Leen, Clifford
;
Pillay, Deenan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL, Ctr Virol, London W1T 4JF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Pillay, Deenan
;
Hill, Teresa
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Hill, Teresa
;
Johnson, Margaret
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Royal Free Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Thorac Med, London NW3 2QJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Johnson, Margaret
;
Gilson, Richard
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL Med Sch, Mortimer Market Ctr, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London WC1E 6AU, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Gilson, Richard
;
Anderson, Jane
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Homerton Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Ctr Study Sexual Hlth & HIV, London E9 6SR, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Anderson, Jane
;
Easterbrook, Philippa
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Weston Educ Ctr, Acad Dept HIV GUM, London SE5 9RJ, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Easterbrook, Philippa
;
Bansi, Loveleen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Bansi, Loveleen
;
Orkin, Chloe
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Barts & London NHS Trust, Royal London Hosp, Ambrose King Ctr, Grahame Hayton Unit, London E1 6SR, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Orkin, Chloe
;
Ainsworth, Jonathan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
N Middlesex Univ Hosp NHS Trust, London N18 1QX, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Ainsworth, Jonathan
;
Phillips, Andrew N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England
Phillips, Andrew N.
;
Sabin, Caroline A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
UCL Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, EnglandImperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, St Marys Hosp, Dept HIV & GU Med, Clin Trials Ctr, London W2 1NY, England