Localization in fractal and multifractal media

The propagation of waves in highly inhomogeneous media is a problem of interest in multiple fields including seismology, acoustics, and electromagnetism. It is also relevant for technological applications such as the design of sound absorbing materials or the fabrication of optically devices for multiwavelength operation. A paradigmatic example of a highly inhomogeneous media is one in which the density or stiffness has fractal or multifractal properties. We investigate wave propagation in one-dimensional media with these features. We have found that, for weak disorder, localization effects do not arrest wave propagation provided that the box fractal dimension D of the density profile is D <= 3/2. This result holds for both fractal and multifractal media providing thus a simple universal characterization for the existence of localization in these systems. Moreover, we show that our model verifies the scaling theory of localization and discuss practical applications of our results.