Factors impacting accurate Cole-impedance extractions from magnitude-only measurements

The Cole impedance model is widely used in applications involving the electrical impedance of biological tissues. Typically requiring post-processing to determine its four parameters from electrical impedance measurements. Here, a non-linear least squares optimization routine is applied to extract the Cole impedance parameters from collected magnitude responses (not requiring direct impedance measurements). The aim is to quantify the impact of the measured frequency range, number of collected datapoints, and level of noise in the magnitude-only measurements on the accuracy of the extracted parameters. Further investigating the impact the optimization settings have on the accuracy and time required to extract the parameters. The aim is to understand these factors' effects towards the implementation of embedded systems utilizing this method to extract the impedance parameters.