Rare post-vaccination complications: onset of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after COVID-19 vaccination - case reports and literature review

Conclusive data to suggest a causal link between vaccination against COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease) and the onset of multiple sclerosis are currently missing. As of December 31, 2021, only 13 cases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis coinciding with vaccination against COVID-19 have been reported. Clinical signs were observed from day 1 to 5 weeks after vaccination, with magnetic resonance imaging scans showing lesions typical of multiple sclerosis in all cases. Intravenous steroid treatment allowed for improvement in most patients. The paper presents two new case reports of patients who developed neurological symptoms shortly after vaccination against COVID-19, with additional tests and further follow-up allowing for the diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Similar cases described in the medical literature are also presented.