Byzantine opaque red glass tesserae from Beit Shean, Israel

This paper presents the results of analysis of Byzantine opaque red glass tesserae derived from three separate locations in the ancient city of Beit Shean, Israel. Investigation proceeded using reflective light microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy. The glass matrix of the tesserae was found to be heterogeneous, with many inclusions. Similarities and differences between tesserae from the two mosaics are examined and discussed. Implications for locale of manufacture and production techniques are considered. Comparisons between the three locations led to conclusions about the use of the tunnel as a storage site and the implications of this for future research on mosaics.