Does aneuploidy per se cause developmental abnormalities?

The following questions are addressed: (A) What are aneuploidogens and how do they act? (B) Is there any evidence that aneuploidy per se causes malformations? (C) What examples are there of abnormalities, apparently attributable to aneuploidogens acting as teratogens? (D) Do abnormalities of cell division cause both teratogenesis and aneuploidy? Considerable research has addressed question (A), but there is little which addresses the other three questions. The question of whether aneuploidy per se causes malformations remains open. Some suggestions for further research are made. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.