Melanoma: What Do All the Mutations Mean?

被引：134

作者：

Davis, Elizabeth J. ^{[1
]}

Johnson, Douglas B. ^{[1
]}

Sosman, Jeffrey A. ^{[2
]}

Chandra, Sunandana ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, 777 PRB,2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA

[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

来源：

CANCER | 2018年 / 124卷 / 17期

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

BRAF; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A); KIT; melanoma; mutation; NRAS; programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1); PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL; METASTATIC MELANOMA; BRAF MUTATIONS; OPEN-LABEL; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DRIVER MUTATIONS; CTLA-4; BLOCKADE; NRAS MUTATIONS; PD-1; PHASE-II;

D O I：

10.1002/cncr.31345

中图分类号：

R73 [肿瘤学];

学科分类号：

100214 ;

摘要：

Melanoma is one of the most highly mutated malignancies, largely as a function of its generation through ultraviolet light and other mutational processes. The wide array of mutations in both "driver" and "passenger" genes can present a confusing array of data for practitioners, particularly within the context of the recent revolutions in targeted and immune therapy. Although mutations in BRAF V600 clearly confer sensitivity to BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, the clinical implications of most other mutations are less often discussed and understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the high-frequency genomic alterations and their prognostic and therapeutic relevance in melanoma. (C) 2018 American Cancer Society.

引用

页码：3490 / 3499

页数：10

共 94 条

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Akbani, Rehan ;

Akdemir, Kadir C. ;

Aksoy, B. Arman ;

Albert, Monique ;

Ally, Adrian ;

Amin, Samirkumar B. ;

Arachchi, Harindra ;

Arora, Arshi ;

Auman, J. Todd ;

Ayala, Brenda ;

Baboud, Julien ;

Balasundaram, Miruna ;

Balu, Saianand ;

Barnabas, Nandita ;

Bartlett, John ;

Bartlett, Pam ;

Bastian, Boris C. ;

Baylin, Stephen B. ;

Behera, Madhusmita ;

Belyaev, Dmitry ;

Benz, Christopher ;

Bernard, Brady ;

Beroukhim, Rameen ;

Bir, Natalie ;

Black, Aaron D. ;

Bodenheimer, Tom ;

Boice, Lori ;

Boland, Genevieve M. ;

Bono, Riccardo ;

Bootwalla, Moiz S. ;

Bosenberg, Marcus ;

Bowen, Jay ;

Bowlby, Reanne ;

Bristow, Christopher A. ;

Brockway-Lunardi, Laura ;

Brooks, Denise ;

Brzezinski, Jakub ;

Bshara, Wiam ;

Buda, Elizabeth ;

Burns, William R. ;

Butterfield, Yaron S. N. ;

Button, Michael ;

Calderone, Tiffany ;

Cappellini, Giancarlo Antonini ;

Carter, Candace ;

Carter, Scott L. ;

Cherney, Lynn ;

Cherniack, Andrew D. ;

Chevalier, Aaron ;

Chin, Lynda .

CELL, 2015, 161 (07) :1681-1696

[2] Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer [J].

Alexandrov, Ludmil B. ;

Nik-Zainal, Serena ;

Wedge, David C. ;

Aparicio, Samuel A. J. R. ;

Behjati, Sam ;

Biankin, Andrew V. ;

Bignell, Graham R. ;

Bolli, Niccolo ;

Borg, Ake ;

Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise ;

Boyault, Sandrine ;

Burkhardt, Birgit ;

Butler, Adam P. ;

Caldas, Carlos ;

Davies, Helen R. ;

Desmedt, Christine ;

Eils, Roland ;

Eyfjord, Jorunn Erla ;

Foekens, John A. ;

Greaves, Mel ;

Hosoda, Fumie ;

Hutter, Barbara ;

Ilicic, Tomislav ;

Imbeaud, Sandrine ;

Imielinsk, Marcin ;

Jaeger, Natalie ;

Jones, David T. W. ;

Jones, David ;

Knappskog, Stian ;

Kool, Marcel ;

Lakhani, Sunil R. ;

Lopez-Otin, Carlos ;

Martin, Sancha ;

Munshi, Nikhil C. ;

Nakamura, Hiromi ;

Northcott, Paul A. ;

Pajic, Marina ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Paradiso, Angelo ;

Pearson, John V. ;

Puente, Xose S. ;

Raine, Keiran ;

Ramakrishna, Manasa ;

Richardson, Andrea L. ;

Richter, Julia ;

Rosenstiel, Philip ;

Schlesner, Matthias ;

Schumacher, Ton N. ;

Span, Paul N. ;

Teague, Jon W. .

NATURE, 2013, 500 (7463) :415-+

[3] Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib in advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma (coBRIM): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial [J].

Ascierto, Paolo A. ;

McArthur, Grant A. ;

Dreno, Brigitte ;

Atkinson, Victoria ;

Liszkay, Gabrielle ;

Di Giacomo, Anna Maria ;

Mandala, Mario ;

Demidov, Lev ;

Stroyakovskiy, Daniil ;

Thomas, Luc ;

de la Cruz-Merino, Luis ;

Dutriaux, Caroline ;

Garbe, Claus ;

Yan, Yibing ;

Wongchenko, Matthew ;

Chang, Ilsung ;

Hsu, Jessie J. ;

Koralek, Daniel O. ;

Rooney, Isabelle ;

Ribas, Antoni ;

Larkin, James .

LANCET ONCOLOGY, 2016, 17 (09) :1248-1260

[4] High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: Analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993 [J].

Atkins, MB ;

Lotze, MT ;

Dutcher, JP ;

Fisher, RI ;

Weiss, G ;

Margolin, K ;

Abrams, J ;

Sznol, M ;

Parkinson, D ;

Hawkins, M ;

Paradise, C ;

Kunkel, L ;

Rosenberg, SA .

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 1999, 17 (07) :2105-2116

[5] Fine mapping of genetic susceptibility loci for melanoma reveals a mixture of single variant and multiple variant regions [J].

Barrett, Jennifer H. ;

Taylor, John C. ;

Bright, Chloe ;

Harland, Mark ;

Dunning, Alison M. ;

Akslen, Lars A. ;

Andresen, Per A. ;

Avril, Marie-Francoise ;

Azizi, Esther ;

Scarra, Giovanna Bianchi ;

Brossard, Myriam ;

Brown, Kevin M. ;

Debniak, Tadeusz ;

Elder, David E. ;

Friedman, Eitan ;

Ghiorzo, Paola ;

Gillanders, Elizabeth M. ;

Gruis, Nelleke A. ;

Hansson, Johan ;

Helsing, Per ;

Hocevar, Marko ;

Hoiom, Veronica ;

Ingvar, Christian ;

Landi, Maria Teresa ;

Lang, Julie ;

Lathrop, G. Mark ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Mackie, Rona M. ;

Molven, Anders ;

Novakovic, Srdjan ;

Olsson, Hakan ;

Puig, Susana ;

Anton Puig-Butille, Joan ;

van der Stoep, Nienke ;

van Doorn, Remco ;

van Workum, Wilbert ;

Goldstein, Alisa M. ;

Kanetsky, Peter A. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Demenais, Florence ;

Hayward, Nicholas K. ;

Newton Bishop, Julia A. ;

Bishop, D. Timothy ;

Iles, Mark M. .

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, 2015, 136 (06) :1351-1360

[6] Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk [J].

Bishop, D. Timothy ;

Demenais, Florence ;

Iles, Mark M. ;

Harland, Mark ;

Taylor, John C. ;

Corda, Eve ;

Randerson-Moor, Juliette ;

Aitken, Joanne F. ;

Avril, Marie-Francoise ;

Azizi, Esther ;

Bakker, Bert ;

Bianchi-Scarra, Giovanna ;

Bressac-de Paillerets, Brigitte ;

Calista, Donato ;

Cannon-Albright, Lisa A. ;

Chin-A-Woeng, Thomas ;

Debniak, Tadeusz ;

Galore-Haskel, Gilli ;

Ghiorzo, Paola ;

Gut, Ivo ;

Hansson, Johan ;

Hocevar, Marko ;

Hoiom, Veronica ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Ingvar, Christian ;

Kanetsky, Peter A. ;

Kefford, Richard F. ;

Landi, Maria Teresa ;

Lang, Julie ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Mackie, Rona ;

Malvehy, Josep ;

Mann, Graham J. ;

Martin, Nicholas G. ;

Montgomery, Grant W. ;

van Nieuwpoort, Frans A. ;

Novakovic, Srdjan ;

Olsson, Hakan ;

Puig, Susana ;

Weiss, Marjan ;

van Workum, Wilbert ;

Zelenika, Diana ;

Brown, Kevin M. ;

Goldstein, Alisa M. ;

Gillanders, Elizabeth M. ;

Boland, Anne ;

Galan, Pilar ;

Elder, David E. ;

Gruis, Nelleke A. ;

Hayward, Nicholas K. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (08) :920-U85

[7] Recurrent BRAF kinase fusions in melanocytic tumors offer an opportunity for targeted therapy [J].

Botton, Thomas ;

Yeh, Iwei ;

Nelson, Tyrrell ;

Vemula, Swapna S. ;

Sparatta, Alyssa ;

Garrido, Maria C. ;

Allegra, Maryline ;

Rocchi, Stephane ;

Bahadoran, Philippe ;

McCalmont, Timothy H. ;

LeBoit, Philip E. ;

Burton, Elizabeth A. ;

Bollag, Gideon ;

Ballotti, Robert ;

Bastian, Boris C. .

PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH, 2013, 26 (06) :845-851

[8] First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [J].

Carbone, D. P. ;

Reck, M. ;

Paz-Ares, L. ;

Creelan, B. ;

Horn, L. ;

Steins, M. ;

Felip, E. ;

van den Heuvel, M. M. ;

Ciuleanu, T. -E. ;

Badin, F. ;

Ready, N. ;

Hiltermann, T. J. N. ;

Nair, S. ;

Juergens, R. ;

Peters, S. ;

Minenza, E. ;

Wrangle, J. M. ;

Rodriguez-Abreu, D. ;

Borghaei, H. ;

Blumenschein, G. R. ;

Villaruz, L. C. ;

Havel, L. ;

Krejci, J. ;

Corral Jaime, J. ;

Chang, H. ;

Geese, W. J. ;

Bhagavatheeswaran, P. ;

Chen, A. C. ;

Socinski, M. A. .

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2017, 376 (25) :2415-2426

[9] Preexisting MEK1P124 Mutations Diminish Response to BRAF Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma Patients [J].

Carlino, Matteo S. ;

Fung, Carina ;

Shahheydari, Hamideh ;

Todd, Jason R. ;

Boyd, Suzanah C. ;

Irvine, Mal ;

Nagrial, Adnan M. ;

Scolyer, Richard A. ;

Kefford, Richard F. ;

Long, Georgina V. ;

Rizos, Helen .

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, 2015, 21 (01) :98-105

[10] Effect of Selumetinib vs Chemotherapy on Progression-Free Survival in Uveal Melanoma A Randomized Clinical Trial [J].

Carvajal, Richard D. ;

Sosman, Jeffrey A. ;

Quevedo, Jorge Fernando ;

Milhem, Mohammed M. ;

Joshua, Anthony M. ;

Kudchadkar, Ragini R. ;

Linette, Gerald P. ;

Gajewski, Thomas F. ;

Lutzky, Jose ;

Lawson, David H. ;

Lao, Christopher D. ;

Flynn, Patrick J. ;

Albertini, Mark R. ;

Sato, Takami ;

Lewis, Karl ;

Doyle, Austin ;

Ancell, Kristin ;

Panageas, Katherine S. ;

Bluth, Mark ;

Hedvat, Cyrus ;

Erinjeri, Joseph ;

Ambrosini, Grazia ;

Marr, Brian ;

Abramson, David H. ;

Dickson, Mark Andrew ;

Wolchok, Jedd D. ;

Chapman, Paul B. ;

Schwartz, Gary K. .

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2014, 311 (23) :2397-2405

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 94 条

[1] Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma [J].

Akbani, Rehan ;

Akdemir, Kadir C. ;

Aksoy, B. Arman ;

Albert, Monique ;

Ally, Adrian ;

Amin, Samirkumar B. ;

Arachchi, Harindra ;

Arora, Arshi ;

Auman, J. Todd ;

Ayala, Brenda ;

Baboud, Julien ;

Balasundaram, Miruna ;

Balu, Saianand ;

Barnabas, Nandita ;

Bartlett, John ;

Bartlett, Pam ;

Bastian, Boris C. ;

Baylin, Stephen B. ;

Behera, Madhusmita ;

Belyaev, Dmitry ;

Benz, Christopher ;

Bernard, Brady ;

Beroukhim, Rameen ;

Bir, Natalie ;

Black, Aaron D. ;

Bodenheimer, Tom ;

Boice, Lori ;

Boland, Genevieve M. ;

Bono, Riccardo ;

Bootwalla, Moiz S. ;

Bosenberg, Marcus ;

Bowen, Jay ;

Bowlby, Reanne ;

Bristow, Christopher A. ;

Brockway-Lunardi, Laura ;

Brooks, Denise ;

Brzezinski, Jakub ;

Bshara, Wiam ;

Buda, Elizabeth ;

Burns, William R. ;

Butterfield, Yaron S. N. ;

Button, Michael ;

Calderone, Tiffany ;

Cappellini, Giancarlo Antonini ;

Carter, Candace ;

Carter, Scott L. ;

Cherney, Lynn ;

Cherniack, Andrew D. ;

Chevalier, Aaron ;

Chin, Lynda .

CELL, 2015, 161 (07) :1681-1696

[2] Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer [J].

Alexandrov, Ludmil B. ;

Nik-Zainal, Serena ;

Wedge, David C. ;

Aparicio, Samuel A. J. R. ;

Behjati, Sam ;

Biankin, Andrew V. ;

Bignell, Graham R. ;

Bolli, Niccolo ;

Borg, Ake ;

Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise ;

Boyault, Sandrine ;

Burkhardt, Birgit ;

Butler, Adam P. ;

Caldas, Carlos ;

Davies, Helen R. ;

Desmedt, Christine ;

Eils, Roland ;

Eyfjord, Jorunn Erla ;

Foekens, John A. ;

Greaves, Mel ;

Hosoda, Fumie ;

Hutter, Barbara ;

Ilicic, Tomislav ;

Imbeaud, Sandrine ;

Imielinsk, Marcin ;

Jaeger, Natalie ;

Jones, David T. W. ;

Jones, David ;

Knappskog, Stian ;

Kool, Marcel ;

Lakhani, Sunil R. ;

Lopez-Otin, Carlos ;

Martin, Sancha ;

Munshi, Nikhil C. ;

Nakamura, Hiromi ;

Northcott, Paul A. ;

Pajic, Marina ;

Papaemmanuil, Elli ;

Paradiso, Angelo ;

Pearson, John V. ;

Puente, Xose S. ;

Raine, Keiran ;

Ramakrishna, Manasa ;

Richardson, Andrea L. ;

Richter, Julia ;

Rosenstiel, Philip ;

Schlesner, Matthias ;

Schumacher, Ton N. ;

Span, Paul N. ;

Teague, Jon W. .

NATURE, 2013, 500 (7463) :415-+

[3] Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib in advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma (coBRIM): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial [J].

Ascierto, Paolo A. ;

McArthur, Grant A. ;

Dreno, Brigitte ;

Atkinson, Victoria ;

Liszkay, Gabrielle ;

Di Giacomo, Anna Maria ;

Mandala, Mario ;

Demidov, Lev ;

Stroyakovskiy, Daniil ;

Thomas, Luc ;

de la Cruz-Merino, Luis ;

Dutriaux, Caroline ;

Garbe, Claus ;

Yan, Yibing ;

Wongchenko, Matthew ;

Chang, Ilsung ;

Hsu, Jessie J. ;

Koralek, Daniel O. ;

Rooney, Isabelle ;

Ribas, Antoni ;

Larkin, James .

LANCET ONCOLOGY, 2016, 17 (09) :1248-1260

[4] High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: Analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993 [J].

Atkins, MB ;

Lotze, MT ;

Dutcher, JP ;

Fisher, RI ;

Weiss, G ;

Margolin, K ;

Abrams, J ;

Sznol, M ;

Parkinson, D ;

Hawkins, M ;

Paradise, C ;

Kunkel, L ;

Rosenberg, SA .

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 1999, 17 (07) :2105-2116

[5] Fine mapping of genetic susceptibility loci for melanoma reveals a mixture of single variant and multiple variant regions [J].

Barrett, Jennifer H. ;

Taylor, John C. ;

Bright, Chloe ;

Harland, Mark ;

Dunning, Alison M. ;

Akslen, Lars A. ;

Andresen, Per A. ;

Avril, Marie-Francoise ;

Azizi, Esther ;

Scarra, Giovanna Bianchi ;

Brossard, Myriam ;

Brown, Kevin M. ;

Debniak, Tadeusz ;

Elder, David E. ;

Friedman, Eitan ;

Ghiorzo, Paola ;

Gillanders, Elizabeth M. ;

Gruis, Nelleke A. ;

Hansson, Johan ;

Helsing, Per ;

Hocevar, Marko ;

Hoiom, Veronica ;

Ingvar, Christian ;

Landi, Maria Teresa ;

Lang, Julie ;

Lathrop, G. Mark ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Mackie, Rona M. ;

Molven, Anders ;

Novakovic, Srdjan ;

Olsson, Hakan ;

Puig, Susana ;

Anton Puig-Butille, Joan ;

van der Stoep, Nienke ;

van Doorn, Remco ;

van Workum, Wilbert ;

Goldstein, Alisa M. ;

Kanetsky, Peter A. ;

Pharoah, Paul D. P. ;

Demenais, Florence ;

Hayward, Nicholas K. ;

Newton Bishop, Julia A. ;

Bishop, D. Timothy ;

Iles, Mark M. .

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, 2015, 136 (06) :1351-1360

[6] Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk [J].

Bishop, D. Timothy ;

Demenais, Florence ;

Iles, Mark M. ;

Harland, Mark ;

Taylor, John C. ;

Corda, Eve ;

Randerson-Moor, Juliette ;

Aitken, Joanne F. ;

Avril, Marie-Francoise ;

Azizi, Esther ;

Bakker, Bert ;

Bianchi-Scarra, Giovanna ;

Bressac-de Paillerets, Brigitte ;

Calista, Donato ;

Cannon-Albright, Lisa A. ;

Chin-A-Woeng, Thomas ;

Debniak, Tadeusz ;

Galore-Haskel, Gilli ;

Ghiorzo, Paola ;

Gut, Ivo ;

Hansson, Johan ;

Hocevar, Marko ;

Hoiom, Veronica ;

Hopper, John L. ;

Ingvar, Christian ;

Kanetsky, Peter A. ;

Kefford, Richard F. ;

Landi, Maria Teresa ;

Lang, Julie ;

Lubinski, Jan ;

Mackie, Rona ;

Malvehy, Josep ;

Mann, Graham J. ;

Martin, Nicholas G. ;

Montgomery, Grant W. ;

van Nieuwpoort, Frans A. ;

Novakovic, Srdjan ;

Olsson, Hakan ;

Puig, Susana ;

Weiss, Marjan ;

van Workum, Wilbert ;

Zelenika, Diana ;

Brown, Kevin M. ;

Goldstein, Alisa M. ;

Gillanders, Elizabeth M. ;

Boland, Anne ;

Galan, Pilar ;

Elder, David E. ;

Gruis, Nelleke A. ;

Hayward, Nicholas K. .

NATURE GENETICS, 2009, 41 (08) :920-U85

[7] Recurrent BRAF kinase fusions in melanocytic tumors offer an opportunity for targeted therapy [J].

Botton, Thomas ;

Yeh, Iwei ;

Nelson, Tyrrell ;

Vemula, Swapna S. ;

Sparatta, Alyssa ;

Garrido, Maria C. ;

Allegra, Maryline ;

Rocchi, Stephane ;

Bahadoran, Philippe ;

McCalmont, Timothy H. ;

LeBoit, Philip E. ;

Burton, Elizabeth A. ;

Bollag, Gideon ;

Ballotti, Robert ;

Bastian, Boris C. .

PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH, 2013, 26 (06) :845-851

[8] First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [J].

Carbone, D. P. ;

Reck, M. ;

Paz-Ares, L. ;

Creelan, B. ;

Horn, L. ;

Steins, M. ;

Felip, E. ;

van den Heuvel, M. M. ;

Ciuleanu, T. -E. ;

Badin, F. ;

Ready, N. ;

Hiltermann, T. J. N. ;

Nair, S. ;

Juergens, R. ;

Peters, S. ;

Minenza, E. ;

Wrangle, J. M. ;

Rodriguez-Abreu, D. ;

Borghaei, H. ;

Blumenschein, G. R. ;

Villaruz, L. C. ;

Havel, L. ;

Krejci, J. ;

Corral Jaime, J. ;

Chang, H. ;

Geese, W. J. ;

Bhagavatheeswaran, P. ;

Chen, A. C. ;

Socinski, M. A. .

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2017, 376 (25) :2415-2426

[9] Preexisting MEK1P124 Mutations Diminish Response to BRAF Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma Patients [J].

Carlino, Matteo S. ;

Fung, Carina ;

Shahheydari, Hamideh ;

Todd, Jason R. ;

Boyd, Suzanah C. ;

Irvine, Mal ;

Nagrial, Adnan M. ;

Scolyer, Richard A. ;

Kefford, Richard F. ;

Long, Georgina V. ;

Rizos, Helen .

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, 2015, 21 (01) :98-105

[10] Effect of Selumetinib vs Chemotherapy on Progression-Free Survival in Uveal Melanoma A Randomized Clinical Trial [J].

Carvajal, Richard D. ;

Sosman, Jeffrey A. ;

Quevedo, Jorge Fernando ;

Milhem, Mohammed M. ;

Joshua, Anthony M. ;

Kudchadkar, Ragini R. ;

Linette, Gerald P. ;

Gajewski, Thomas F. ;

Lutzky, Jose ;

Lawson, David H. ;

Lao, Christopher D. ;

Flynn, Patrick J. ;

Albertini, Mark R. ;

Sato, Takami ;

Lewis, Karl ;

Doyle, Austin ;

Ancell, Kristin ;

Panageas, Katherine S. ;

Bluth, Mark ;

Hedvat, Cyrus ;

Erinjeri, Joseph ;

Ambrosini, Grazia ;

Marr, Brian ;

Abramson, David H. ;

Dickson, Mark Andrew ;

Wolchok, Jedd D. ;

Chapman, Paul B. ;

Schwartz, Gary K. .

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2014, 311 (23) :2397-2405

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →