Restructured LFC Scheme with Renewables and EV Penetration using Novel QOEA Optimized Parallel Fuzzy I-PID Controller

An effective controller configuration improves the action of the load frequency control (LFC) mechanism. In the present work, a novel parallel fuzzy integral - proportional-integral-derivative (FI-PID) controller is suggested for a two-area power system in the deregulated environment. The controller gains are optimized using novel quasi-oppositional equilibrium algorithm (QOEA). The proposed control scheme has been subjected to step and random load disturbances. Moreover, the suggested scheme is also compared with different prevalent controllers and optimizing techniques. EV and the distributed generation (DG) act as energy storing elements and improve system transients during peak demands. Hence, the integration of electric vehicle into the grid and its impact on frequency regulation is also studied. Simulation results establish the efficacy of the suggested controller over prevailing ones.