Cognitive radio its challenge on the use of radio spectrum

This article shows the potential of Cognitive Radio technologies as paradigms in the development of new opportunities for access to communication platforms and future challenges in their implementation. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical analysis, system approach and analysis and synthesis were used for its elaboration; As empirical methods, documentary analysis was used, underlining the most up-to-date information on the subject. The fundamental problem lies in the strict allocation of frequency bands, which leads to a low use of them or a high level of saturation in the services offered. Four fundamental issues related to the characterization and optimization of the physical layer, routing and security schemes, challenges in the general implementation and the current standardization of some technologies including the overall vision that we currently have are highlighted. Cognitive Radio as a disruptive technology imposes numerous challenges, which we reflect with our analysis from a general perspective analyzing the different solutions for spectral census starting point for management, with communication security needs and exposing different technologies and standards already tested to experimental and operational level, highlighting the most versatile solutions from the point of view of reconfiguration and adaptation. From the informational point of view, this compilation work allows us to introduce ourselves to the concepts of spectral optimization through cognitive technologies in radiocommunications.