Complexity is a widespread phenomenon in nature. The brain is a foremost example of complexity. We address the question: How does such complexity emerge in brain? Which are the biological, chemical or physical principles at work which organize the formation of complixity? In particular we address the topics (i) adaptive learning, (ii) neutron cell death and pruning of synaptic connection after birth, (iii) small world and scale free architecture of neural connectivity, (iv) feature maps and the Kohonen model, (v) self-organized criticaly and l/f frequency scaling.