Preparation of BSA nanoparticles using aqueous urea at T=308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K as a function of temperature

The optimized 10 mM urea in an aqueous medium structurally engineered bovine serum albumin nanoparticles using acetone as a desolvating agent on simultaneous ultrasonicating at 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. The use of aq. urea has reduced 50, 56.25 and 62.5% consumption of acetone at respective temperatures as compared to conventional methods, a sustainable mechanistic approach. The aq. urea has found to be effective to produce homogeneously distributed BSA nanoparticles within 16 to 55 rim range with spherical morphology analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The UV/vis studies that elucidated a dominance of hydrophobic interactions of protein nanoparticles might be responsible for the agglomerates formation by 5% BSA out of 1, 2, 3 and 4% at chosen temperatures. The interaction effect of urea with acetone at chosen temperature was monitored to deduce their impact on size, Zeta potential, and absorbance supported the BSA nanoparticle formation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.