An inclined wall jet: Mean flow characteristics and effects of acoustic excitation

The mean velocity field of a 30 degrees inclined wall jet has been investigated using both hot-wire and laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Provided that the nozzle aspect ratio is greater than 30 and the inclined wall angle (beta) is less than 50 degrees, LDA measurements for various beta show that the reattachment length is independent of the nozzle aspect ratio and the nozzle exit Reynolds number (in the range 6670-13,340). There is general agreement between the reattachment lengths determined by LDA and those determined using wall surface oil film visualisation technique. The role of coherent structures arising from initial instabilities of a 30 degrees wall jet has been explored by hot-wire spectra measurements. Results indicate that the fundamental vortex roll-up frequency in both the inner and outer shear layer corresponds to a Strouhal number (based on nozzle exit momentum thickness and velocity) of 0.012. The spatial development of instabilities in the jet has been studied by introducing acoustic excitation at a frequency corresponding to the shear layer mode. The formation of the fundamental and its first subharmonic has been identified in the outer shear layer. However, the development of the first subharmonic in the inner shear layer has been severely suppressed. Distributions of mean velocities, turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress indicate that controlled acoustic excitation enhances the development of instabilities and promotes jet reattachment to the wall, resulting in a substantially reduced recirculation flow region.