Similarities and differences in the nuclear genome organization within Pooideae species revealed by comparative genomic in situ hybridization (GISH)

In this paper, we highlight the affinity between the genomes of key representatives of the Pooideae subfamily, revealed at the chromosomal level by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The analyses were conducted using labeled probes from each species to hybridize with chromosomes of every species used in this study based on a "round robin" rule. As a result, the whole chromosomes or chromosome regions were distinguished or variable types of signals were visualized to prove the different levels of the relationships between genomes used in this study. We observed the unexpected lack of signals in secondary constrictions of rye (RR) chromosomes probed by triticale (AABBRR) genomic DNA. We have also identified unlabeled chromosome regions, which point to species-specific sequences connected with disparate pathways of chromosome differentiation. Our results revealed a conservative character of coding sequence of 35S rDNA among selected species of the genera Aegilops, Brachypodium, Festuca, Hordeum, Lolium, Secale, and Triticum. In summary, we showed strong relationships in genomic DNA sequences between species which have been previously reported to be phylogenetically distant.