The last seven years of Thomas Paine's life in America have nearly always been presented by his biographers over the last two centuries as a period of disappointments, of isolation, and decline. The image of a Paine, alcoholic and neglected, abandoned by all this friends and detested by Americans who reproached him the impiety of the The Age of Reason has become so commonplace that it has been recopied in work after work without much thought to its ideological construction. This article examines the reason and the history for the construction of this grey legend in relation to the debates on nature, the radicalism, and the universal character of the American Revolution at the time of Paine, and beyond in the historiography from the nineteenth century to the present.