The Human influence on the Mediterranean coast over the last 200 years: a brief appraisal from a geomorphological perspective

The Mediterranean coast has been significantly modified by human interventions, especially over the last two centuries, and large stretches are now subject to geomorphic instability. The numerous dams constructed for agricultural and hydroelectric purposes and river channel modifications over the last two centuries have affected many of the Mediterranean rivers, commonly generating drastic reductions in sediment inputs necessary for maintaining dynamic beach and dune systems. Large stretches of shoreline and commonly narrow coastal plains have also been massively engineered. These shoreline modifications have been notably associated with the construction of marinas, leisure harbours and artificial beaches, and have resulted in the emergence of veritable artificial shorelines. Rocky shores in the Mediterranean are also being subjected to increasing pressures from housing and tourism. Future sustainable development of the Mediterranean coast will require a clear identification of the stakes and a better re-evaluation of management strategies.