Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination and Inflammation Among Men and Women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

被引:93
作者
Kershaw, Kiarri N. [1 ]
Lewis, Tene T. [2 ]
Roux, Ana V. Diez [3 ]
Jenny, Nancy S. [4 ]
Liu, Kiang [1 ]
Penedo, Frank J. [5 ]
Carnethon, Mercedes R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 North Lake Shore,Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[2] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
[3] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA
[4] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
[5] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med Social Sci & Psychiat & Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
关键词
discrimination; inflammation; gender; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION; EVERYDAY DISCRIMINATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; CARDIA COHORT; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; OBESITY;
D O I
10.1037/hea0000331
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Objective: To examine associations of lifetime and everyday discrimination with inflammation independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional associations of self-reported experiences of everyday discrimination and lifetime discrimination with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined by gender in a multiethnic sample of 3,099 men and 3,468 women aged 45-84 years. Everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination due to any attribution, and lifetime discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity were based on self-report, and IL-6 and CRP were assayed from blood samples. Results: Among women, higher levels of all 3 discrimination measures were significantly associated with higher IL-6 in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, recent infection, anti-inflammatory medication use, and hormone replacement therapy use. All associations were attenuated with adjustment for body mass index (BMI). For men, everyday discrimination was inversely associated with IL-6 in all adjusted models. Lifetime discrimination was not related to IL-6 among men. Discrimination was unassociated with CRP in all models for both men and women. Conclusions: The association between discrimination and inflammation varied by gender and marker of inflammation. These findings highlight the complex relationship between discrimination and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and point to areas in need of further research.
引用
收藏
页码:343 / 350
页数:8
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