The evolution of sex chromosome dosage compensation in animals

被引:14
作者
Chen, Jiabi [1 ]
Wang, Menghan [2 ]
He, Xionglei [2 ]
Yang, Jian-Rong [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chen, Xiaoshu [1 ]
机构
[1] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Sch Med, Dept Biol & Med Genet, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
[2] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
[3] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Sch Med, Dept Biomed Informat, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
[4] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, RNA Biomed Inst, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
[5] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 5, Zhongshan Sch Med, Program Canc Res, Guangzhou, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金; 国家重点研发计划;
关键词
Dosage compensation; Sex chromosome; Genomic evolution; X-LINKED GENES; SENSITIVE GENES; Y-CHROMOSOMES; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; INACTIVATION; MECHANISM; CHROMATIN; REPTILE; MAMMALS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jgg.2020.10.005
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes shall lead to gene expression dosage problems, as in at least one of the sexes, the sex-linked gene dose has been reduced by half. It has been proposed that the transcriptional output of the whole X or Z chromosome should be doubled for complete dosage compensation in heterogametic sex. However, owing to the variability of the existing methods to determine the transcriptional differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes (S:A ratios) in different studies, we collected more than 500 public RNA-Seq data set from multiple tissues and species in major clades and proposed a unified computational framework for unbiased and comparable measurement of the S:A ratios of multiple species. We also tested the evolution of dosage compensation more directly by assessing changes in the expression levels of the current sex-linked genes relative to those of the ancestral sex-linked genes. We found that in mammals and birds, the S:A ratio is approximately 0.5, whereas in insects, fishes, and flatworms, the S:A ratio is approximately 1.0. Further analysis showed that the fraction of dosage-sensitive housekeeping genes on the X/Z chromosome is significantly correlated with the S:A ratio. In addition, the degree of degeneration of the Y chromosome may be responsible for the change in the S:A ratio in mammals without a dosage compensation mechanism. Our observations offer unequivocal support for the sex chromosome insensitivity hypothesis in animals and suggest that dosage sensitivity states of sex chromosomes are a major factor underlying different evolutionary strategies of dosage compensation. Copyright (C) 2020, The Authors. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press.
引用
收藏
页码:681 / 693
页数:13
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