Surgical Techniques of Allogeneic Liver Transplantation in a Nonhuman Primate Model

Herein, we report our experience of performing allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) in nonhuman primates. We designed an allogeneic ABO-compatible orthotopic LT model in monkeys in a manner similar to that used in humans. We applied almost the same surgical procedures used for human conventional deceased donor LT. A total of 6 monkeys underwent allogeneic LT. One cynomolgus monkey aged 45 months (3.4 kg) and 5 rhesus macaque monkeys aged 50.2 +/- 14.8 months (5.40 +/- 0.33 kg) were used as recipients. In the donor surgery, the liver was perfused in situ through the aorta using cold histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution. The portal vein (diameter, 5-10 mm), supra- and infra-hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) (diameter, 12-15 mm), and common bile duct (diameter, 1.5-3.0 mm) were dissected out. The hepatic artery was kept in continuity with the celiac trunk and abdominal aorta up to the iliac bifurcation (diameter, 5-6 mm). The mean graft weight was 102.0 g (94.8-111.0 g). Recipient surgery was conducted in parallel. After recipient hepatectomy, the graft was implanted. The suprahepatic IVC and portal vein were anastomosed to those of the graft. After reperfusion, the infrahepatic IVC was anastomosed. The aorta conduit of the graft was anastomosed to the infrarenal aorta of the recipient in a retrocolic end-to-side manner. Biliary reconstruction was performed in a duct-to-duct anastomosis with cholecystectomy. Mean operative time was 107.0 minutes for donor and 198.2 minutes for recipient. There was one operative death due to unknown cause. In conclusion, for allogeneic orthotopic LT in nonhuman primate model, we can apply almost the same procedure used for human conventional deceased donor LT in a similar manner.