Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples

被引:44
作者
Czuba, Jonathan A. [1 ]
Straub, Timothy D. [2 ]
Curran, Christopher A. [1 ]
Landers, Mark N. [3 ]
Domanski, Marian M. [2 ]
机构
[1] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA
[2] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA
[3] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA USA
关键词
LISST-SL; suspended-sediment concentration; particle-size distribution; effective density; laser diffraction; flocculation; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; SETTLING VELOCITY; LISST-100; DENSITY; INSTRUMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON;
D O I
10.1002/2014WR015697
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Laser-diffraction technology, recently adapted for in-stream measurement of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and particle-size distributions (PSDs), was tested with a streamlined (SL), isokinetic version of the Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) for measuring volumetric SSCs and PSDs ranging from 1.8 to 415 m in 32 log-spaced size classes. Measured SSCs and PSDs from the LISST-SL were compared to a suite of 22 data sets (262 samples in all) of concurrent suspended-sediment and streamflow measurements using a physical sampler and acoustic Doppler current profiler collected during 2010-2012 at 16 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Illinois and Washington (basin areas: 38-69,264 km(2)). An unrealistically low computed effective density (mass SSC/volumetric SSC) of 1.24 g/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.45 g/mL) provided the best-fit value (R-2=0.95; RMSE=143 mg/L) for converting volumetric SSC to mass SSC for over two orders of magnitude of SSC (12-2,170 mg/L; covering a substantial range of SSC that can be measured by the LISST-SL) despite being substantially lower than the sediment particle density of 2.67 g/mL (range: 2.56-2.87 g/mL, 23 samples). The PSDs measured by the LISST-SL were in good agreement with those derived from physical samples over the LISST-SL's measureable size range. Technical and operational limitations of the LISST-SL are provided to facilitate the collection of more accurate data in the future. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability of SSC and PSD measured by the LISST-SL is briefly described to motivate its potential for advancing our understanding of suspended-sediment transport by rivers.
引用
收藏
页码:320 / 340
页数:21
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