Hypomethylation of repeated DNA sequences in cancer

被引:41
作者
Ross, Jason P. [1 ]
Rand, Keith N. [1 ]
Molloy, Peter L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Preventat Hlth Natl Res Flagship, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
关键词
cancer; DNA hypomethylation; epigenome; repeat sequences; retrotransposons; DE-NOVO METHYLATION; PERICENTROMERIC SATELLITE REGIONS; DNMT1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION; NATURAL ANTISENSE TRANSCRIPTS; CPG-ISLAND METHYLATION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION; LINE-1; HYPOMETHYLATION; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY;
D O I
10.2217/EPI.10.2
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
An important feature of cancer development and progression is the change in DNA methylation patterns, characterized by the hypermethylation of specific genes concurrently with an overall decrease in the level of 5-methylcytosine. Hypomethylation of the genome can affect both single-copy genes, repeat DNA sequences and transposable elements, and is highly variable among and within cancer types. Here, we review our current understanding of genome hypomethylation in cancer, with a particular focus on hypomethylation of the different classes and families of repeat sequences. The emerging data provide insights into the importance of methylation of different repeat families in the maintenance of chromosome structural integrity and the fidelity of normal transcriptional regulation. We also consider the events underlying cancer-associated hypomethylation and the potential for the clinical use of characteristic DNA methylation changes in diagnosis, prognosis or classification of tumors.
引用
收藏
页码:245 / 269
页数:25
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