Methane Flux Effect on Hydrate Formation and Its Acoustic Responses in Natural Sands

The acoustic properties of hydrate deposits are important parameters for hydrate geophysical exploration, and the gas leakage model plays a very important role in hydrate accumulation systems. In order to reflect the gas supply environment during hydrate formation, a high-pressure device with a simulated leakage system was designed to achieve different methane flux supplies. The effects of different methane fluxes on the hydrate formation rate and the maximum hydrate saturation were obtained. The results in this study indicate that similar hydrate formation rates occur in systems with different methane fluxes. However, when the methane flux is large, it takes longer to reach the maximum hydrate saturation, and the larger the methane flux, the larger the hydrate saturation formed. In each methane flux system, the elastic velocity increased slowly with increasing hydrate saturation at the beginning of hydrate formation, but velocity increased quickly when the hydrate saturation reached 50-60%. In order to take into account the effect of the gas, the calculated values of the elastic velocity model were compared with the experimental data, which indicated that the BGTL theory and the EMT model are more adaptable and can be used to deduce hydrate morphology. In the large methane flux system, the hydrate mainly forms at grain contacts when the hydrate saturation is 10-60%. As the hydrate saturation reaches 60-70%, hydrate forms first in the pore fluid, and then the hydrates contact sediment particles.