Finite-Time Fluctuations for the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process

The one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, a Markov process describing classical hard-core particles hopping in the same direction, is considered on a periodic lattice of L sites. The relaxation to the nonequilibrium steady state, which occurs on the time scale t similar to L-3/2 for large L, is studied for the half-filled system with N = L/2 particles. Using large L asymptotics of Bethe ansatz formulas for the eigenstates, exact expressions depending explicitly on the rescaled time t/L-3/2 are obtained for the average and two-point function of the local density, and for the current fluctuations for simple (stationary, flat and step) initial conditions, relating previous results for the infinite system to stationary large deviations. The final formulas have a nice interpretation in terms of a functional integral with the action of a scalar field in a linear potential.