Cancer risk assessment on trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in drinking water of China using disability-adjusted life years

被引:93
作者
Pan, Shenling [1 ]
An, Wei [1 ]
Li, Hongyan [1 ]
Su, Ming [1 ]
Zhang, Jinliang [2 ]
Yang, Min [1 ]
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China
[2] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Dept Environm Pollut & Hlth, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Disinfection by-products; Trihalomethanes; Haloacetic acids; Cancer risk assessment; Disability-adjusted life years; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; EXPOSURE; CARCINOGENICITY; CHLORINATION; MODE;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.080
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The cancer risks from exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAM) through multiple pathways were assessed based on the result of a water quality survey in 35 major cities of China. To express the risks in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), the excess cancer incidence estimates were combined with a two-stage disease model for calculation. The median total cancer risk of THMs and HAAs was calculated as 7.34 x 10(-7) DALYs per person-year (ppy), lower than the reference level of risk (10(-6) DALYs ppy) set by WHO. The risk from ingestion and inhalation exposures contributed 93.6% and 6.3% of the total risk respectively, while dermal contact made a negligible contribution. The median risk of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) (2.12 x 10(-7) DALYs ppy) was highest among the disinfection by-products (DBPs) considered. The risk ratio of total HAAs (THAA) to total THMs (TTHM) was 1.12. The risk was highest in northeast China while lowest in northwest China. As for the 35 cities, Tianjin had the highest risk while Yinchuan had the lowest. This study attempted to use DALYs for the risk assessment of DBPs, which will provide useful information for risk comparison and prioritization of hazards in drinking water. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:288 / 294
页数:7
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