Dietary Antioxidants and Longitudinal Changes in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Elderly Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study

Background: Antioxidants can potentially alter the progression of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Objective: To determine if dietary antioxidants are associated with reduced likelihood of LUTS progression or increased likelihood of LUTS remission in untreated elderly men. Design, setting, and participants: A prospective cohort study of 1670 US men aged 65-100 yr. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Baseline variables included the American Urological Association Symptom Index, dietary intake assessed via a 69-item Block food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), demographics, lifestyle characteristics, quality of life (SF-12), and medication use. LUTS was assessed at four time points over a mean +/- standard deviation period of 6.9 +/- 0.4 yr. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed for men without prostate cancer who did not undergo LUTS treatment with medication or surgery during follow-up (n = 1670). Analyses were stratified by LUTS symptoms at baseline. For men with mild baseline LUTS, we examined the likelihood of LUTS progression relative to LUTS stability. For men with moderate baseline LUTS, we analyzed the likelihood of both LUTS progression relative to LUTS stability and LUTS remission relative to progression. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for quartiles of daily antioxidant intake using multivariable logistic regression. Results and limitations: None of the dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin) was associated with a lower probability of LUTS progression or LUTS remission. The study was limited by use of the brief Block FFQ, which contains only 69 food items and may have biased results toward the null hypothesis because of nondifferential misclassification. Conclusions: In this large cohort of US men, there were no significant associations between multiple dietary antioxidants and LUTS progression or remission over 7 yr. Patient summary: In a large cohort of elderly men, there were no significant longitudinal associations between multiple dietary antioxidants and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Our data suggest that dietary antioxidant consumption may not influence the natural history of LUTS in older men. (C) 2015 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.