Modernity: Are Modern Times Different?

"Modernity" has recently been the subject of considerable discussion among historians. This article reviews some of the debates and argues that modernity is a problematic concept because it implies a complete rupture with "traditional" ways of life. Studies of key terms are undertaken with the aid of Google Ngrams. These show that "modernity," "modern times," and "traditional" in English and other languages have a history of their own. A brief analysis of the shift from a self oriented toward equilibrium to a self oriented toward stimulation demonstrates that modernity is not necessary to historical analysis.