Automatic Identification and New Observations of Ion Energy Dispersion Events in the Cusp Ionosphere

In this paper we present an algorithm which identifies ion energy dispersion events in low altitude cusp observations. Such an algorithm is suitable for implementation to prioritize data for downlink, or to be run on the ground for data mining. The energy dispersion events, sometimes known as dispersed particle precipitation, have been interpreted as due to time-of-flight effects of energized ions from magnetopause reconnection sites. Our algorithm utilizes a novel method of integrating a scoring function across moving time windows to capture the dispersion structure. The algorithm is implemented and prototyped with Defense Meteorological Satellite Program data but specified in terms that apply to other missions for both ions and electrons. Two new types of dispersion events are uncovered with the algorithm, consisting of a cold inverse double dispersion event where one population dominates, and a V-type dispersion event during northward interplanetary magnetic field.